a. Antigenic drift; antigenic shift Because organs such as your skin and liver make frequent repairs, they are also more likely to ______. The Black Death, the 1918 influenza, and the H1N1 flu virus were all ______, as they caused widespread and worldwide infections. Which of the following statements are true about how people apply probability in determining how much risk to accept and when to avoid exposure to certain risks? c. gp41 The estrogen-like compound that acts as a substitute hormone and disrupts gene expression, as shown in the image, is a(n) ______. 13-45 Which of the following is not a characteristic of staphylococcal enterotoxins? (Use one word for your answer.). e) Viral genomes mutate rapidly. b. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome b. proteins. The water will mostly move from side "B" to side "A" because the water concentration is higher on side "B." The measles virus causes pancreas and liver infections. a. CD18; produce cell adhesion molecules Which of the following virus types inserts a double-stranded DNA copy of its genome into the host cell's genome? The majority of the SMC is . a - Some of the population responds, even at zero dose of the toxin, suggesting that some other factor in the environment also causes this response Asbestos workers who smoke, however, have a 400-fold increase in cancer rates. A protein molecule, transferrin, embedded in the plasma membrane recognizes iron molecules and causes the plasma membrane to fold in around the iron and take it into the cell. Question 12. - The chemical industry disputes the need for testing, and industry-funded scientists point to contradictions and uncertainties in published studies. Shafting, three-point leveling units, and other components are reasonably simplified during the modeling . c. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, they must move across by facilitated diffusion. They are only capable of reproducing once inside a living host cell Viruses are living cells that are lacking the necessary structures to carry out cellular functions. no longer just for the wealthy, as they are now becoming common in the developing world. Show transcribed image text Which of these best describes a virus? This cell is weighed and then placed in a beaker of 3 percent iodine dissolved in water. b. chronic granulomatous disease C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy. a. water (H2O) f. SH2D1A. a. a virus. e. B cells; EBNA-1. Choose the following statement that most accurately describes viruses. d. a chromosome, where the pipe cleaners represent bundles of proteins around which the DNA double helix (wired ribbon) is wrapped. b. facilitated diffusion d. X-linked SCID Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time. - Different sensitivities among those exposed to the toxins 2. d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis c. Cold sores develop as a consequence of CD8 T-cell killing. - Endocrine disrupters may cause reproductive dysfunction in females. d. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids, a. water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2). Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells? Match the following causes of death with the lifetime chance of dying that way in the United States. The three kinds of blood lipoproteins and the differences between their composition and function, Which unit is the larger? Probability is a calculation of the statistical danger of a risk, and this information can help us decide which risks to tolerate and which to avoid. Which statement most accurately describes a virus? e. antigenic drift. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a concern because being ______. Over time, the students sitting in the far corner of the room would smell the perfume. c. global populations; local populations a) capsid b. susceptibility to Neisseria - Our increasing ability to detect traces of a substance sometimes means that though we can detect it, the level may be too low to cause harm. Exhaling excess carbon dioxide - Lungs - Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to poorer populations. After soaking in the yellow iodine-water solution for one hour, the cell is once again weighed. 13-66 Which statement regarding retrovirus proviruses is false? Antibiotics cannot kill a virus because viruses are not living cells with cell walls to puncture, nor do they have their own organelles to replicate DNA. d. immune evasion Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results? c. nucleic acids. c. spongy mesophyll What general type of membrane are you observing? d. Women are more likely than men to inherit X-linked immunodeficiencies. O Enveloped viruses do not have protein spikes. a. 1 litre or 1 centilitre. A) After infection, the viral genes immediately turn the host cell into a lambda-producing factory, and the host cell then lyses. Which of the following statements helps to explain why RNA viruses tend to have unusually high rates of mutation? b. sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. X=(112110101)X\mathbf{X}^{\prime}=\left(\begin{array}{rrr}{1} & {-1} & {2} \\ {-1} & {1} & {0} \\ {-1} & {0} & {1}\end{array}\right) \mathbf{X} c. CD40 ligand; produce GM-CSF 13-25 Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P) are associated with _____. c. the cytosol b. impenetrable It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. Trauma - Car accidents c. latency You are a microbiologist working with a species of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis. b) Replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading. Which of the following correctly characterizes white-nose syndrome? a. transport proteins e. leukocyte adhesion deficiency. c. variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) b) Formation of the provirus would be stopped. - People tolerate high risks in activities of their choosing, as they often have an exaggerated view of their abilities to control fate. d. T-cell and B-cell development Correct Response d. phagocytosis. a. pinocytosis. Chytridiomycosis (or chytrid fungus) is an ecological disease that affects amphibians and is ______. possibility of suffering harm or loss resulting from a given action, process of estimating the threat a particular hazard poses to human health. a. Proviruses form immediately after the RNA genome assembles with viral proteins and infectious virions are produced. Explanation :-:virus are acellular. Your muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of your body. The plasma membrane of some white blood cells contain ________ that bind with proteins of cells such as bacteria that have invaded the human body. 20. d. Both membranes consist of two concentric phospholipid bilayers and neither is selectively permeable or has pores. Write the equation describing the equilibrium established when HNO2HNO_2HNO2 reacts with NH3NH_3NH3. b. Setting environmental health policy is challenging because ______. the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. A. - possibly spread by humans from one cave to another on their shoes and clothing. Chloropyrifos - Used as a pesticide b. Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. X=111110201X. They cause T cells to divide and differentiate into effector T cells. - Differences between acute and chronic exposures b. exocytosis. a. neuraminidase You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, or prion. - The dose makes the poison. - do not damage or kill living organisms by reacting with cellular components to disrupt metabolic functions c - Dose must be above a threshold level before anyone in the population shows a response which suggests the presence of some defense mechanism against the harmful effects of the toxin. Which of the following statements explains why, despite these probability calculations, people perceive driving as less risky and are more accepting of the associated risks? a. immune-complex disease This specifically makes alcohol a ______. Dog bites and bee, wasp, or hornet stings - These have risks between 1 in 46,562 to 1 in 115,111. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A.". 13-33 Patients who lack _____ are very susceptible to infections with intracellular bacteria, including the ubiquitous nontuberculous strains of mycobacteria. III. d) II. d. integrase Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. The color change does not really tell us anything about the experiment. a. anti-HIV antibodies are detectable in their blood serum. Neurotoxins are poisons that affect us by ______. They capture energy from sunlight. .ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS1. Ribosomes are very small non-membranous organelles that can either exist freely in the cytoplasm or be embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell; they are associated with the synthesis of Which of these is not a consideration of toxicology? 13-48 Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens? Other duties may be assigned as deemed necessary or appropriate by management. The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease. c. All living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles. A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. Where in the bacteria would you expect to find the enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis? 13-2 _____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates, thereby compromising the body's defense against infection. Which of the following is/are part of accepted cell theory? c. the IFN- receptor c. Bruton's tyrosine kinase Which of the following statements correctly identify reasons why the debate currently surrounds regulating endocrine disrupters? Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between viruses and bacteria? c. it gave the pilgrims their own charter. d. properdin (factor P) Bacteria injects DNA into a host cell. The measles virus causes brain and skin infections. b. the virus escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol b - Shows a linear relationship from zero exposure to the highest dose suggesting that exposure to such toxic agents, no matter how small, carries some risks b. produces the energy needed to run chemical reactions in the cell. Which of the following statements accurately describes the path of oxygenated blood? One important way to control the spread of viruses in through answer choices the use of vaccines drinking a lot of tea 7. Which of the following statements explain why your evil roommate may have flare-ups for the rest of their life? a. the phagosome; inhibition of fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome The cell should lose weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will leave the cell through osmosis. Additionally, small Na ions and some proteins can pass through the membrane against the concentration gradient, but both require the assistance of active transport proteins. Which of the following statements about global health trends are true? b. the sequence of the conserved X box of the HLA class II promoter Treat the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determine whether it is still infectious. b. nuclear envelope. c. innate; acquired immune responses a) co-infection with an unrelated virus that causes the same symptoms a. gene conversion d) They have little effect on plant growth. In the graph shown, match each dose-response curve with what it represents about the possible response at low doses of exposure to a toxin. Our goal is to let community members put their participance into new projects with confidence. C. Applying an external force to an enclosed volume of air will allow the air to expand and the volume to decrease. Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are the ________ building blocks for DNA; they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does. - Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to poorer populations. Where is the most likely place that enzymes needed for cellular respiration are anchored and functioning? No color change in the beaker tells us that the starch was too large to cross the membrane from the cell and into the beaker. b. rough ER d. nucleus, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. Both bacteria and viruses use host cells to reproduce, but viruses . They face communication difficulties mainly because others, who generally do not know sign language, are unable to communicate with them. Match each of the following factors to how it influences whether a particular chemical will prove to be dangerous. ______ is a condition that is associated with drinking during pregnancy that results in a cluster of symptoms including craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delays, behavioral problems, and mental defects, which last throughout a child's life. A layer of lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and phospholipids that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the How would the affect the HIV infection cycle? The 2015 outbreak of the Zika virus was especially concerning as infected pregnant mothers were having babies with ______. c. facilitated diffusion c. They must make sure the results were not an accident and that they are repeatable. a. e. Staphylococcus aureus. d. a eukaryotic cell with a nucleus. a) enter a replicative cycle that does not kill the host cell. c. inhibition of MHC class I expression In assessing the danger of toxic substances, which of these statements are true? Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? O Enveloped viruses do not have protein spikes. - Policy decisions about toxins must address how such materials affect not just humans but also organisms that define and maintain our environment. If you already knew that the infectious agent was either bacterial or viral, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish between these two possibilities. Though categorizing toxins based on potency is useful, it is complicated by differences in individual and species reactions to particular chemicals. d. No; eukaryotic organelles are expelled each time the cell divides. c. Haemophilus influenzae A solid waste (garbage) transfer facility that sorts and breaks down garbage into recyclables and waste to be thrown away in the landfill would be a suitable analogy for which cellular organelle? Key points: A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. - The chemical agent is water-soluble. What is the determined cause of colony collapse disorder? 13-7 Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product. b. NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (-) A virus is made up of a DNA or RNA genome inside a protein shell called a capsid. we are exposed to many sources of harm, and it is difficult to separate the effects of different hazards in order to evaluate their risks accurately. b. b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids d. they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms a. I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes in the chloroplasts of the bacteria. d. stores water, nutrients, and enzymes. a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia: gamma globulin injections Find the temperature of a gas of CO2\mathrm{CO}_2CO2 molecules whose rms\mathrm{rms}rms speed is 309m/s309 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}309m/s ? Rank the stages in biomagnification of DDT, putting the earliest stage on top. Multiple Choice Viruses are typically a piece of genetic material encased in a protein capsule. b. pinocytosis Which of the following statements about viruses is false? D. HIV can pass easily from one person to the next through casual contact. - Diet-related obesity can lead to illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. b. S. pneumoniae is never completely eradicated during an infection and can reactivate if the host is immunocompromised. One important way to control the spread of viruses is through a. the use of vaccines. True or false: All species have approximately the same reaction to a specific compound. They bind to MHC class I molecules and T-cell receptors. This study was reported . b. Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between green algae and land plants? a. LFA-3 They readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer. Microbes acquire resistance to antibiotics through different processes that include random mutations and ______________ reproduction. What general cell type are you most likely observing? Proton therapy accurately targets very specific locations, which may result in less damage to surrounding . They may contain genomic DNA or RNA. - Age affects susceptibility to toxins, as chemicals that might be relatively harmless to adults may be dangerous to young children. host cell indefinitely. Electrotherapy Unit III PTA Ultrasound Quiz 1. They produce proteins used by other parts of the cell. - must be handled carefully in large doses, but they can be rendered relatively innocuous by dilution, neutralization, or other physical treatment, draws from many disciplines, including biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, among others. 0.003 ppb - DDT in water 13-9 Which of the following statements regarding herpes simplex virus is false? Determine the intensity level of the infrasound 10 km from the source, assuming the sound energy radiates uniformly in all directions. This problem has been solved! A cheetah can run 121212 km/h over a 100100100 m distance. Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts? b. MHC class II chain answer choices. Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determine whether it is still infectious. Excreting water-soluble salts and other substances - Kidneys. Multiple Choice Q09 Which of the following statements correctly describes the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host? d. extracellular spaces; coating itself with human proteins 13-20 Dominant mutant forms of IFNR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____. c. secondary immunodeficiency diseases Hydraulic structures, e.g., sluicegates and pumping stations, can directly influence flooding processes and should be represented in flood modeling and risk assessment. Yes; without organelles, prokaryotes are unable to bring together the reactants needed for biological reactions. a. CD40 ligand How would the affect the HIV infection cycle? c. T cells; CD8 Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of DNA replication? Members of a population vary in their level of sensitivity to a toxin. The following regions were not resolved in the cryo-EM map and so were omitted from the atomic model: residues 146 to 160 corresponding to the GS linker in the FMC63 scFv and residues 21 to 22, 40 to 46, 133 to 152, and 175 to 184 corresponding to flexible loops in CD19. answer choices Viruses can eat and metabolize food. Adopting the precautionary principle in regulating environmental toxins ______. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. c. The cell should gain weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will enter the cell through osmosis. - Endocrine disrupters may cause feminization of males. d. C5-C9; defend against Neisseria d. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells. Drowning If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? 3. 13-52 _____ participates in the T-cell cytoskeletal reorganization required for T-cell cytokine production and cell-mediated interactions. b) casing a. reverse transcriptase The smooth endoplasmic reticulum They bind to MHC class I molecules and T-cell receptors. Dicamba - Used as an herbicide; a plant hormone This survey study estimates the prevalence of current hepatitis C virus infection among adults in each US state and the District of Columbia from 2013 to 2016 u . d. HIV is transferred from an infected person to an uninfected recipient This virus attacks the white blood cells (immune cells) of the human body. Compare and contrast the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane. 13-12 Shingles is associated with infection by _____. b. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ___________________, whereas the reason that gulls, who are tertiary consumers, have about 240 times the concentration of compounds as compared to the small insects sharing the same environment is due to _________________. County employees are subject . - HIV is more lethal. The products are arranged under different categories like . b. antigenic shift The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. Stop drinking alcohol during pregnancy - Reduced risk of fetal alcohol syndrome. a. a virus-encoded Fc receptor a. e. they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form. b. hydrophilic; hydrophobic; They line up hydrophobic tails facing each other at the center line of the membrane with the hydrophilic heads facing outward, away from the center line of the membrane.