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Ethiopian Federal Government Directory Portal. The .gov means its official. In 2018 and 2019, after multiple village discussions that were often vigorous in the more remote areas, 21 independent urban administrations were added and other boundaries re-drawn, resulting in an increase from 35 to 88 woredas in January 2020. The Dire Dawa Administration has reached 100% access to primary healthcare in terms of geographic distribution. Dire Dawa is the capital city of the administrative council, lays in the eastern part of the country, geographically, it is bounded by latitudes 9o 27' 3"9o 49' 54" N and longitudes 41o 38' 6"42o 19' 17"E . Details Implementation Area: Dire Dawa Rural Area including:-Biyo Awale Cluster / Woreda. The occupation of the town was more or less a formality,[23] although resistance fighters known as Arbegnoch ("Patriots") continued to operate throughout the conflict. That is 100% (5) of the extension workers from the purposively selected Kebeles are considered for group . Kebele 03, Beside Selam Hotel and Rift Valley University. Just a single airline services the route get in early to nab . This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The Dire Dawa administrative council consists of the city of Dire Dawa and the surrounding rural areas. A relative humidity of 40% at 25C thus corresponds to an absolute humidity of 9.2 grams of water. Chapter 17. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the It is located at the latitude and longitude of 936N 4152E / 9.600N 41.867E / 9.600; 41.867Coordinates: 936N 4152E / 9.600N 41.867E / 9.600; 41.867. According to Central Statistical Agency , the total population of the Dire Dawa administration is estimated to be 507,000 in 2020. That same year, the Railroad Workers Syndicate of Dire Dawa, a labor union, was formed for welfare purposes. Many Europeans, Yemeni Arabs, and Indians left Dire Dawa; the Greek and Armenian churches were eventually closed due to dwindling membership. See, J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1004-1007, Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Ethiopian Catholic Archeparchy of Addis Abeba, "Kedir Juhar Elected Mayor Of Dire Dawa City", "Ethiopia: Regions, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts", "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Dire Dawa, Ethiopia", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Office exerts effort to preserve historical heritage site", The Ethiopia-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited, MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base "Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) attacked Government target (June 24, 2002, Ethiopia)", "Death toll for recent road accident reaches 41: Police", "Dire is booming but landmark get the axe Addis Ababa Addis Ababa News & City Guide", "Industrial Park to be Constructed in Adama, Dire Dawa Cities", "Klimatafel von Dire Dawa (Diredaua), Provinz Harar / thiopien", "World Weather Information Service Dire Dawa", "Climate & Weather Averages in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia", "Households by sources of drinking water, safe water sources", "2008. . The Dire Dawa University was founded in 2006. Dire Dawa Government Communication Affairs Bureau, Ethiopian Federal Government Directory Portal. One third of the urban population has no access to water. them 20 are riverine along Dawa and Ganale rivers making the Woreda vulnerability to seasonal floods. The study was conducted in a qualitative approach and was conducted in Dire Dawa town, which has been divided into nine administrative-units called Kebeles. . [32], Currently, there are plans to revitalize the city. . In urban Dire Dawa, Muslims constitute 57.4 per cent of the population and Orthodox Christians constitute 37.4 per cent, while in rural Dire Dawa, the population is almost entirely Muslim at 99.5 per cent. Selected Kebeles of Dire Dawa Districts Eastern Ethiopia 1 1 12Yimer Muktar, . 2nd edition. The only one quantitative and behavioral based study conducted thus far in Dire Dawa town reported the strong association of past flood disaster experience with household emergency preparedness. This is a list of the cities and woredas (districts), in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, compiled from material on the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) website. Badoglio and Graziani celebrated their meeting on the railway station of Dire Dawa. kebeles of Undufo (Gewane woreda), Adaytu (Mille woreda), and Gedamaytu (Amibara woreda) in Afar's zone 3, causing . Page 1 Introduction Background of the Study Ethiopia has a variety of vegetable crops grown in dierent agro ecological zones produced through commercial as well as small farmers both as a source of income as well as food. Many airlines offer no change fee on selected flights and book now to earn double with airline miles + Expedia Rewards points. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Dire Dawa, Ethiopia metro area from 1950 to 2023. MeSH It was besieged in the Battle of Dire Dawa by the Somali troops till November 1977, when the Ethiopians, Cubans and Russians under General Vasiliy Petrov took the offensive and pushed the Somalis back. Book cheap flights from Riga to Dire Dawa. 233,224 or 68.23% of the population were urban inhabitants. 35 Population and Eligibility Criteria There are 10,370 hectares of farmland that produces maize, sorghum, chat, coffee, as well as various kinds of fruits and vegetables. Accessibility According to officials of the zone Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency (DPPA), the woredas with severe food deficits include Babile, Goro Gutu, Chinegsa, Gursum, Midaga Tolla and Grawa. The study was conducted in four kebeles Dodota and Kile from Harari and Wahil and Bishan Bahe from Dire Dawa. Additionally there are two independently chartered cities which are on the same level as a region. Their administrative unit consists of an elected council, a cabinet (executive committee), a social court and the development and security staff. [20][21] The imperial railway company (Cie) played a key role in the early development of the city, particularly Gezira (aka Kezira), under the authority of the Ethiopian government. Beneficiaries: Number of Beneficiaries: 18,500 people Direct Beneficiaries: 5,000 people (with the current average family size of 4.5 directly out of which 30% will be female Headed Households). Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows), Bekele, Shiferaw (1989). Contact Info: Tel: +251-11 662 3634, +251-11 662 3439, +251-11 869 5408 Email: info@addissiniahotel.com, reservation@addissiniahotel.com More information on the Administrators and Mayors can be found on the World Statesman page here Categories HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help [18] The new name, however, did not win recognition. From a proportion of approx. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The council has no administrative zones but one woreda Gurgura woreda. The Italians constructed several new buildings in Dire Dawa, especially for the administration and the Fascist party. In addition, in Kebele-05, where one Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) was operating on flood hazards prevention and mitigation program, some non-structural emergency preparedness measures were undertaken by the communities. The north-western part of the town was planned and constructed very regularly, mostly by the engineers of the railway company. The council has no administrative zones but one woreda - Gurgura woreda. [5], Dhawa Zone is new in 2016; created from Liben Zone. They live alongside the Gurgura clan which share both Oromo and Somali identities, speaking the Oromo language and tracing their genealogy to the Dir, a Somali clan family. and transmitted securely. As part of the plan, historical buildings will be renovated, and a new space will be allotted for building new homes and businesses for those displaced by the move. Browse direct and non-stop flight airfares to Dire Dawa on different airlines. According to Central Statistical Agency 34 in 2013, the total population of the administration was 405,444 of which 263,827 were urban population, and Adult is 52% out of the urban population. Its [28], Dire Dawa was occupied by the EPRDF on 31 May 1991 and there were reports of about 100 people killed resisting the EPRDF. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_districts_in_the_Somali_Region&oldid=1131296546, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 13:57. Dire Dawa is the . The western outskirts of the city lie on the Gorro River, a tributary of the Dechatu River. 5.5 Goals . The mean annual temperature of Dire Dawa is about 25.9C or 78.6F. The Police have already completed their investigation on the individuals and passed it to the prosecutor to take them to court. government site. 3. Until the 1974 revolution, Dire Dawa had a well-established expatriate community of largely Italian, French, Indian, Arab and Sudanese origin. 2019 Jul 5;11(3):704. doi: 10.4102/jamba.v11i3.704. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. This was opposed by the Oromia Region, of which Dire Dawa was part of at the time, so the federal government placed the city under its own jurisdiction to avoid territorial conflict between the two regions. and the judicial tribunal. The total population was 151,864, of which 127,286 were males and 124,578 females,according to the 1994 census. The town remained under British Military Administration, being the headquarters for the British Reserved Area, till it was handed over to the Ethiopian government in 1947. There is still much to be done to help the HEP meets its highest potential. [27] According to Gebru Tareke, the success of the Ethiopian Army in holding Dire Dawa (1718 August 1977) against the Somali Army was decisive in winning the Ogaden War. The urban residents of the administrative council number 173,188 while its rural residents 78,676. Those located in kebeles where there is already a HC or PH will be merged with the HC or PH and become a unit in the facility. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. New roads, parks, and an industrial zone will also be built, and major railway project is expected to greatly increase business activity in the city.[33][34]. A city administration has a mayor whom members of the city council elected. Ten new officials were appointed pending fresh elections. [43], "Including the land round Harar and Dire Dawa inhabited by the Somalis of the 'Iise and Gadabuursi clans. The city is composed of members of the following ethnic groups: Oromo (33 per cent), Amhara (29.5 per cent), Somali (23.5 per cent), Gurage (6.7 per cent), Tigrayan (1.8 per cent), Harari (1.6 per cent) and people from southern Ethiopia, who have a history and culture of migration. The woreda chief administration is the district's executive organ that encompasses the district administrator, deputy administrator, and the head of the main sectoral executive offices found in the district, which are ultimately accountable to the district administrator and district council. The City has two unique urban quarters having practical and . There are no regulations to legally protect the existing channels of Dire Dawa Administration from various . In June 1940 the British started to bomb the town and on 29 March 1941 Dire Dawa was liberated by the Allied forces from Harar. [23], The Ethiopian Revolution affected the city in many ways. Between the two World Wars, two hospitals were established in Dire Dawa, one by the railway company and another in 1934 by the government. Jamba. The colorful colonial era buildingsthroughout Dire Dawa are a stark contrast to the traditional, circular shacks found across Ethiopia. Dire Dawa is known for its cosmopolitan character due to its high level of cultural diversity. [29], The city was flooded in August 2006 when both the Dechatu River and the Gorro River overflowed their banks. The cement factory was also later nationalized. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Dead and injured were taken to Dil-chora Hospital in Dire Dawa. Upload your CV and apply to the latest Job vacancies in Dire Dawa. . The aim of the study was to assess the levels of emergency preparedness for flood hazards at households and communities levels. [9] This was due to the ongoing clashes between the OLF and IGLF and prevented any further escalation. ETHIOPIAN SOMALI REGIONAL STATE AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BUREAU. Knoema, an Eldridge business, is the premier data platform and the most comprehensive source of global decision-making data in the world. Satellite map. Skinner, who passed through the city in 1903 (soon after its establishment) at the head of an American delegation, called it "the Queen of the Desert". The city is an industrial centre, home to several markets and the Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport.The city was first founded and settled by the Afranqallo Oromo and now is home of many different people from all over Ethiopia. The present-day town of Dire Dawa (311km by rail from Djibouti), however, is of very recent origin. It is found at a road distance of 515 km from Addis Ababa. [1][2] The country comprises 11 regions and two city administrations under these regions, plenty of zones, woredas and neighbourhood administration: kebeles. It was officially known by its Italian spelling Dire Daua during the occupation. It is divided into nine urban kebeles and 21 rural kebeles. The population here grew to 3,000, while that of the whole town numbered 20,000. The longest flight from Dire Dawa DIR is a 132 mile (212 km) non-stop route to Addis Ababa ADD. This research found that there was biomass yield statistically signi cance difference at (P<0.01) among Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Mobility patterns reveal a relatively high propension to move (1.8 daily trips per inhabitants). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Documents prepared by the Dire Dawa City Administration put the city's population above 460,000 in 2017. Our website uses cookies to improve your online experience. It is divided administratively into two woredas, the city proper and the non-urban woreda of Gurgura. The city is an industrial centre, home to several markets and the Dire Dawa Airport. A 30 per cent increase in cholera cases in Oromia and Somali seen in January alone. This cosmopolitan legacy proves to be resilient, even in the context of the rising ethnic and religious cleavages that have been reinforced by Ethiopias post-1991 ethno-federal political order. In Ethiopia, the woredas comprise three main organs: a council, an executive and a judicial. The number of zones varies, but most regions have around six to twelve zones. U.S.A.: Mosby Elsevier; 2006, pp.79-101, 164-174, Hogan D et al. Kebeles:- Adada, Bioawale and Bekehalo. Floods are fairly common during the JuneSeptember rainy season; over 200 people in the region had been killed by flooding in 2005 that did millions of dollars in damage. In addition, the city is served by the Ethio-Djibouti Railways with its western terminus located in the city centre. Open ended questions were used that could guide the discussions, and the discussions were audio-taped and transcribed. There are 4 Keftegnas, 24 urban kebeles and 28 rural peasants associations. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Among the places of worship, there are predominantly Muslim mosques. With interactive Dire Dawa Map, view regional highways maps, road situations, transportation, lodging guide, geographical map, physical maps and more information. For more detailed maps based on newer satellite and aerial images switch to a detailed map view. Browse direct and non-stop flight airfares to Dire Dawa on different airlines. Regions and Cities. 3,531 5,028 3 Benishangul-Gumuz 868 408 2,127 4 Dire Dawa 180 36 5,000 5 Gambela 298 147 2,027 6 Harari 113 28 4,036 7 Oromia 31,334 . There are 4 Keftegnas, 24 urban kebeles and 28 rural peasants associations. The 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia established the regions based on ethno-linguistic territories. The truck was carrying an unknown number of day laborers when the accident happened, and 38 were immediately killed and as many as 50 were injured. Kebeles are accountable to their woreda councils and are typically responsible for providing basic education, primary health care, agriculture, water, and rural roads. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol.8, No.15, 2017 39 no documented empirical study on the determinants of . Data for the study were collected from 171 respondents selected through multi-stage sampling technique. An official website of the United States government. Out of the total households 138 The first administrative division in Ethiopia is a region, also called kilil, or alternatively regional state. 025 111 7706. Selamu Tadele Final Research Paper[1] - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The government estimated national kebele membership in the late 1980s at 4.4 million. [31], An overturned truck, heading from Dengego to Dire Dawa, killed 41 people 4 March 2009. 2015). However, some people are hesitant to take the vaccine. Ethiopia Human Right Council. Find best cheap to flights from San Carlos De Bariloche to Dire Dawa today! The aim of the study was to assess the levels of emergency preparedness for flood hazards at households and communities levels. Dire Dawa, Dire Dawa. Kebeles of Dire Dawa Administration Nigussie Abdissa Dire Dawa University . This is the Official website of Dire Dawa City Admninistration, Government of Ethiopia 2023 | This is the smallest administrative division. In fact, there is great variation among the kebeles2 and among households within the same kebele. Dire Dawa has a borderline tropical savanna climate (Kppen Aw) just above a hot semi-arid climate (BSh). Between 2018 and 2020, as part of a reform aimed to deepen and strengthen decentralisation, woredas were reorganised, and new boundaries established. Disaster Prevention and Management, 2003; 12 (3): 210-216. 7 reviews. Dire Dawa is known for its cosmopolitan character due to its high level of cultural diversity. The council has no administrative zones but one woreda - Gurgura woreda. Bookshelf The projected population for 1 July 2015 was 440,000 for the entire chartered city and 277,000 for the city proper, making the latter the seventh largest city in Ethiopia. The proportion of males and females is about 50.5 to 49.5 percent, respectively. Dire Dawa is served by a station on the Addis AbabaDjibouti Railway, which is located 10km northwest of the city centre close to the town of Melka Jebdu. . Compare & reserve one-way or return flight tickets from Riga to Dire Dawa on Trip.com. This project aims to betterunderstand the dynamics of rural to urban migrationand the ways in which this phenomenon impacts the social and infrastructural fabric of these cities.It is conducted within the framework of the Research and Evidence Facility on Migrationin the Horn of Africa, supported by the EU Trust Fund. The Amharic, Oromiffa and Somali languages are spoken by many residents of Dire Dawa, allowing a greater degree of social blending that typifies Dire Dawa as a melting pot. You can change your personal cookie settings through your internet browser settings. Jamba. Key words: The next day, the first train under Italian control left Addis Ababa: it brought Italy's 46th Infantry Regiment and finally closed the pincers of the two Italian invasion forces. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Kristos ndenya Dereja Timhirt Bt Dire Dawa Region Dire Dawa Issa, Dire Dawa Coordinate: 9.58333, 41.86667. The hotel is ready to accommodate a variety of guests, ranging from the business traveller to large family. Dire Dawa currently does Looking for cheap flights to Dire Dawa? National Library of Medicine The representative of the people in each kebele is accountable to their electorate. [42], Traditionally the Nole Oromo clan used the area as grazing land, and farming in the Laga Harre district. Would you like email updates of new search results? Regions are subdivided into zones. Access Situation Report May . Emergency, Preparedness, Flood, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. (1984), 1994, 2007 census, 2022 projection ETHIOPIAN SOMALI REGIONAL HEALTH BUREAU (ESHBU) SOMALI, Dire Dawa +251-7752022 +251-7754047 +251-7754738. The All-Ethiopia Urban . The projected population for 2015 was 440,000 for the entire chartered city and 277,000 for the city proper, making the latter the seventh largest city in Ethiopia. The Italian army entered the country from the colonies of Eritrea in the north and Somalia in the southeast. Affectionately called ye dire lij (sons [and daughters] of Dire Dawa), residents of the city are considered to be welcoming, progressive, laid back and sociable. Abstract. The infrastructure was ameliorated and several industrial plants were established. It is located at 515 Km east of Addis Ababa between Addis Ababa and Djibouti. To lessen the risks of flooding, detailed flood risk mapping is required. Among the residents there was a tendency to rely on the dams to be constructed with "good quality" and "higher strength" than making preparedness efforts on their own at their households. Dire Dawa was the inspiration for the fictional town "Debra Dowa", capital of the fictional East African nation "Azania" in the "outrageously un-politically correct tale"[48] Black Mischief by the English author, Evelyn Waugh. In addition to woredas, city administrations are considered at the same level as the woredas. Addissinia Hotel features 58 comfortable rooms with 1 restaurant, 1 Cafe, 2 bars & conference room. The total population of the Dire Dawa Administration is 521,000. The Dire Dawa administrative council consists of the city of Dire Dawa and the surrounding rural areas. Additionally, the Selam Bus Line Share Company provides inter-city bus service. ObjectiveThe COVID-19 vaccine is one of the key measures to control the disease. The findings of focus group discussions showed that the local government in collaboration with the federal government built the flood protection dams in areas where flood hazards have been thought to be repeatedly wreaking havoc, specifically after the flood disaster of the year 2006. At first, this part of the town mostly housed the employees of the railway company, but it later attracted, besides the French, also Greeks, Armenians, other Europeans and Arabs, who opened shops and hotels and founded some industry as well. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your image export is now complete. There is also a lack of sufficient flood drainage system and sanitation problem, hampering the health of the community of Dire Dawa city (Getachew et al. . This direct flight takes around 1 hour and 20 minutes and is operated by Ethiopian Airlines. 1.5 Goals . Dire Dawa developed into two settlements separated by the Dechatu River, which was dry for most of the year and became a torrent only when it rained. This article is about the city. At the time of this proclamation, there were 1,260 kebeles in 315 towns. 'Kebeles'. Search Jobs in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. It is unclear how many woredas actually exist in the Somali Region, since the names and number of woredas given in the CSA's documents differ between 2005 and 2007, and different maps show a variety of names and boundaries. The colorful colonial era buildingsthroughout Dire Dawa are a stark contrast to the traditional, circular shacks found across Ethiopia. By 1902 the Ethiopian government, anticipating the future economic importance of Dire Dawa, had already transferred the customs station for trade with the Red Sea from Gildessa to Dire Dawa.[19]. )'s, Referencing Dir confederation of Somali clans which inhabit vast area between the Red Sea and Dir Dawa. The city is composed of members of the following ethnic groups: Oromo (33 per cent), Amhara (29.5 per cent), Somali (23.5 per cent), Gurage (6.7 per cent), Tigrayan (1.8 per cent), Harari (1.6 per cent) and people from southern Ethiopia, who have a history and culture of migration. Discussion: The mean annual temperature of Dire Dawa is about 25.9 C or 78.6 F. In a related development, the Dire Dawa Administration Council has also conducted its 4th extraordinary meeting and appointed new officials, including a speaker of the house, according to the state broadcaster ETV. This is a list of the cities and woredas (districts), in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, compiled from material on the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) website.. Our revolutionary technology changes the way individuals and organizations discover, visualize, model, and present their data and the world's data to facilitate better decisions and better outcomes. Around 1947, their teamthe Taffariparticipated in the Ethiopian Championship series. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2022 Sep 18. In terms of religion, Dire Dawa is a Muslim majority city (70.9 per cent), followed by Orthodox Christians (25.6 per cent), Protestants (2.8 per cent), Catholics (0.4 per cent) and others (0.3 per cent). After the 1995 Constitution, the terms "province" and "awrajja" were dropped in favor of the terms "region" and "zone". As of 2022[update], there were eleven regions. We serve cities that have a high housing demand such as Hawassa, Adama, Bahir Dar,Gonder and Mekelle. Saint-George FC v Dire Dawa Kenema Odds . This cosmopolitan legacy proves to be resilient, even in the context of the rising ethnic and religious cleavages that have been reinforced by Ethiopias post-1991 ethno-federal political order. Kebeles of Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia Mulugeta Girma PhD student at Punjabi University of India, ,Department of Marketing Management, Dire Dawa An American diplomat named R.P. [17] The other part of the town, southeast of the river, concentrated around the market and was inhabited mainly by Ethiopian, Somali and a few Arab traders. To mitigate flood hazards, dams were built and in addition, in Kebele-05 where an NGO was operating, some non-structural emergency preparedness measures were undertaken. This study was carried out in Dire Dawa town, Ethiopia, which in the past experienced frequent flooding events, yet dearth of information exists about preparedness in the area. 4.5 Goals . Find best cheap flight deals from Riga to Dire Dawa today! Dire Dawa University Dire Dawa, 1362 Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Coordinate: 9.6214099258, 41.8412977555 Phone: +251251118682 (www.ddu.edu.et) 21. 13.5 grams, humans perceive the air as muggy. [1][self-published source] As smaller towns had been growing, they had started providing a larger range of services, such as markets and even banks, that encouraged locals to travel there rather than to their formal woreda centre. % Heritage On Dire Dawa Map, you can view all states, regions, cities, towns, districts, avenues, streets and popular centers' satellite, sketch and terrain maps. Africa needs a paradigm shift to deliver sustainable development by making a fresh commitment and increasing investment to realize the, Ethiopian Media Council (EMC), an independent self-governing media association in the country, urged the Government of Ethiopia to end its, More than 50 young women engineers and innovators across the continent have developed technologies to fight climate change and build, During the Mobile World Congress 2023 (MWC 2023), Huawei launched a new product, the industrys first 50G POL prototype to, Ethiopian shipping urges government to use its idle ships, Ethiopia invites foreign telecom operators, UN agency says $78 million needed for refugees in Ethiopia, Ethiopia International bid from Ethio Telecom, Ethiopia to use drones for mineral exploration, oil pipeline safety, United States to conduct joint military exercise in Ethiopia, CityBlue Hotels announces bold move in Mauritius, Africa needs fresh commitment, investment to achieve SDGs, Media council urges Ethiopia to end jamming social media, Young African girls innovating to tackle climate change, Huawei launche new product at Mobile World Congress. There are also urban woredas, which are not included. During the Italian invasion, Mussolini ordered that Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa be spared air attacks (which included the use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas) and other destruction as a response to the demands of the United States and certain European countries for the safety of their citizens.